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| Rhino-Hippo See-Saw, 6′ x 6′ x 2′, Stoneware and Mixed Media, 2006 |
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| Rhino and Oxpecker |
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| Caracal, 2006, stoneware and mixed media, 32", 2006 |

| Irwin Creek Community Center, Charlotte, NC |
Owens Daniels is creating five murals with images and words for Present Absence, an inclusive public art project commemorating Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital. Nurses depicted in the murals include Jesse Watson (left) and Jacqueline Howell. Project Directed by Betsy Towns.
National Science Foundation Planning Grant to
Explore Public Awareness, Acceptance of
Sustainable Sanitation Solutions
Awardees TERC and UNCSA to assemble interdisciplinary teams to collect feedback on human
waste management
Fresh water flush toilets that rely on sewage treatment plants or septic systems are the norm in
the U.S. Yet challenges posed by aging infrastructure, climate change and resource availability
mean the U.S. may need to rethink the systems that allow people to flush and forget.
Leaders at TERC, a STEM education research and development non-profit, along with faculty
from the University of North Carolina School of the Arts (UNCSA) and Pepperdine University,
will collaborate on a planning grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF- 2427679 )
Responsible Design, Development and Deployment of Technologies (NSF ReDDDoT)
program to explore preferences, patterns, and priorities related to the public acceptance of
sustainable systems for human waste management.
Nickolay Hristov, Senior Scientist at TERC and UNCSA Professor Betsy Towns have assembled
an interdisciplinary team including city officials, community organizers, scientists, environmental
experts, educators and communication designers to expand understanding of the challenges
and opportunities around waste and wastewater treatment.
Collectively, experts in sustainability, design, public service, communication, business and
STEM education will add to the scant research on the public’s acceptance of sustainable
sanitation solutions.
Martha Merson, a science communicator at TERC, said, “We seek to identify measures that will
increase trust and understanding among scientists and the public, foster engagement versus
repulsion with regard to the topic of human waste disposal, and understand concerns about
alternative waste technology.”
Towns pointed out that, “We can learn from the rural population and recreational river users in
North Carolina, who have had to make do with suboptimal sanitation solutions, as well as from
city officials in Winston Salem who work to sustain and improve traditional systems.”
Sustainable marketing expert and participating researcher Jolie Gutentag of Pepperdine
University will consult on methods. Gutentag notes, “The goal is to be inclusive of many
perspectives early stages in the design process.”
This sentiment is echoed by Tatiana Schreiber, Social Research Director at Rich Earth Institute
and project advisor, who has found conversations with scientists, regulators, and the public key
to understanding needs, ideas, and recommendations. Such conversations have helped their
organization implement urine capture for fertilizer on nearby farms.
“Our objective is to pinpoint the values and preferences of diverse North Carolina residents and
engage various members of the community in designing innovative approaches,” Gutentag said.
The research team will document its approach to introducing alternative technological solutions
to prospective users.
About NSF ReDDDoT
The NSF ReDDDoT program is a collaboration with philanthropic partners and
crosses all disciplines of science and engineering. The program seeks to ensure
ethical, legal, community and societal considerations are embedded in the lifecycle
of technology's creation and use. The program supports research, implementation
and education projects involving multi-sector teams that focus on the responsible
design, development or deployment of technologies. Learn more about ReDDDoT.
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| “The night-soil men can see a bird walking in trees. It isn't a bird. It is a woman who has removed her skin and is on her way to drink the blood of her secret enemies. It is a woman who has left her skin i a corner of a house made out of wood. It is a woman who is reasonable and admires honeybees in the hibiscus.” ― Jamaica Kincaid, At the Bottom of the River |






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